Monday, April 25, 2011

Anorexia (Anorexia Nervosa)

Definition

Anorexia is an eating disorder. It occurs when a person's obsession with diet and exercise leads to extreme weight loss. The disorder is considered if a person refuses to maintain a body weight at or above 85% of their ideal body weight. It can be fatal.

Causes

The cause of anorexia is not known. It appears that genetics and environment play a role.

Risk Factors

A risk factor increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for anorexia include the following:
  • Sex: female

  • Age: adolescence or early adulthood

  • Low self-esteem

  • Feelings of helplessness

  • Perfectionism

  • Fear of becoming overweight

  • Familial pressure to be thin

  • Families that are overprotective, rigid, under-involved, or in conflict

  • Family history of eating disorders

  • Emotional stress

  • Mood disorders such as depression or generalized anxiety disorder

  • Personality disorders

  • Susceptibility to social and fashion trends emphasizing or glamorizing thinness

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:
  • Excessive weight loss

  • Obsession with food, calories, and fat content

  • Dieting even when thin

  • Intense fear of gaining weight, even when underweight

  • Body dysmorphia—distorted self-image of being overweight despite evidence to the contrary

  • Basing self-evaluation heavily on body weight or shape

  • Loss of menstrual periods (secondary amenorrhea) or delay in menarche (onset of periods)

  • Excessive exercising

  • Feeling cold, especially hands and feet

  • Being secretive about food

  • Hair loss and/or growth of fine hair on the body

  • Fainting 

  • Constipation

  • Depression and/or anxiety

  • Heart palpitations

Anorexia often leads to a number of serious medical problems including:
Body Dysmorphia
Anorexia
© 2008 Nucleus Medical Art, Inc.


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